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The paper presents results of 2-years studies on the intensity of water erosion processes in the road gully in Wielkopole near Krasnystaw. Field measurements included inventory of erosion and depositional forms. During the studies, three surface washouts that led to erosion damage were registered. Totally, erosion damage in a form of rills amounted to 144 m3 , and the volume of deposited soil material...
In paper are presented investigation results of scour downstream of weir for different roughness of bed protection. Investigations were conducted on model construction with stilling pool and horizontal bed protection about 1.0 m long. The bed protection in downstream was made as concrete and as riprap with relative roughness k = 0.028. As bed material in experiments was used sand (d50 = 1.1 mm, (d84/d16)...
This paper shows velocity of water erosion incidentally meet in young glacial areas occurred after intensive summer rainfall at Daleszewo - North part of Poland. Simple calculation give the amount of 305 tones of soil material, which was washed out from surface of 9 ha. It gives average rainwash on level 35 Mg·ha-1. Locally, at rilling zone, this index reached the value even above 250 Mg·ha-1. Main...
Valuable cultural landscapes have developed on mountainsides as a result of existing cultivation. Their survival was ensured by a traditional way of soil use. Due to a current lack of the traditional use of the mountainsides, their valuable cultural landscapes are threatened, they are even to face a complete extinction. Moreover, in some cases the lack of the traditional use of mountainsides also...
This paper contains the analyze of antierosion soil preservation methods, particularly those used in Poland - road and parcel distribution, transformation of land utilization, land afforestation with green lands allocation, meliorations with reconstruction of water level. Realization of complex undertakings should cause 1-2 loss of erosion intensity. In the case of no antierosion protection the erosion...
One of the ways to limit the silting process of storage reservoirs could be the use of so-called preliminary settling tanks. Such concept has been used in construction of Mściwojów reservoir, which is the experimental water reservoir of Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Before infl owing to the main reservoir water passes through the chambers of settling tank covered by macrophytes...
The main areas on water structures in which sediment gathers are headwater, hollows in construction and tailwater. The processes of accumulation of upstream and downstream positions develop according to duration of the object’s exploitation. This article analyses working conditions of an elongated pipeline of culvert in Potok Służewiecki stream. These conditions were examined with the aim to evaluate...
The scour below the dam is numerically simulated using an Eulerian two-phase model that implements Euler-Euler coupled governing equation for fluid and solid phase and a modified k-ε turbulence closure for the fluid phase and comparison with laboratory results. The modeling system being a part of CFD software package FLUENT. Both flow-particle and particle-particle interactions are considered in the...
The paper presents results of laboratory investigations of local scour in non-uniform non-cohesive bed material below a horizontal solid apron. An experiment of local scouring conducted in a glass-sided rectangular fl ume under clear-water conditions with constant water discharge was performed. In this study several non-uniform soils consisted of the following coloured fractions: 0.5-1.25, 1.25-2...
This paper is devoted to the erosion process downstream the Jeziorsko reservoir on Warta river. It presents a short characteristic of Jeziorsko reservoir and water management and also hydrologic characteristic of Warta River. Results of measurements in situ in the period 1975-2007 are presented. River bottom levels and water levels in cross sections were measured. The characteristic of river bottom...
The paper concerns to study of grain composition and contamination content in bottoms of Mściwojów reservoir. It has been constructed on stream Wierzbiak in 2000, in Dolny Śląsk province, and its main function is water supply of agriculture. Drawing of samples has been performed in 2002 and 2007. Study results showed that the bed material from primary settling tank is mainly dusty sands and fi ne...
Wind erosion is an important soil structure forming factor. Concerning mostly light soils covering for the most part of the European Plains, including Central Poland. Wind erosion susceptibility depends mostly on the aggregate and granulometric structure of the soil. The aim of the paper is to use geostatistical methods to map the changeability of the granulometric structure of the soil on the experimental...
The paper outlines problems concerning semantics of the notion of soil erosion, range of constituent processes; the review analysis of existing systems of the classification of these phenomena has been presented. The author also proposed multicriterial systematics of water soil erosion processes - uniting onomastics from the range of earth’s sciences with the nomenclature applied in agricultural sciences,...
We elaborated three new methods enabling better evaluation of the process of loosening, detaching and transporting soil particles. These methods are as follows: method of the stimulated rain causing water erosion, method of the measurement of the sample microhardness where sample is exposing on the eroding action of the rain from stimulator, evaluation method based on the measurement of the output...
A major problem in the quantitative hydrological studies, especially fluvial, might be dealing with assessment of methods and results basing on error analyses. As for the mountain and Upland Rivers, the most common source of the errors could be low frequency of measurements and collection of samples. These particular studies have been carried out for the 8 sectors (sub-catchments) of the Silnica and...
In the paper the research results of forming observations of sand-gravel dunes developing on the riverbed along the outlet reach of the highland type of river. The subject of subaquatic river forms one can find in many scientific works, however most of the existing papers cover sand dunes and ripples found in the lowland rivers. Moreover, the majority of research was conducted in laboratory flumes,...
Research on soil erosion undertaken on selected slopes of the Suwałki Lakeland (NE Poland) in years 1986-1989, 1998-1999 and in 2007 allowed to determine features of deposits transported and deposited within the slopes. Sedimentological analyses were used and following granulometric indices calculated: mean grain size diameter, sorting and skewness. Organic matter content was also determined by loss...
Results of application of geoinformatic analytical and modeling tool are presented in following paper. The analytical tool was developed for agricultural catchment of the Mielnica Stream, located on the eroded southern slopes of Trzebnica Hills in Low Silesia district. Land use changes scenarios had been studied there. The main goals were: designing soil erosion control system (basing on good agricultural...
With regard to a high silting rate of small water reservoirs, these reservoirs are characterized by a short life time. During an operation period of 10 to 20 years their capacity is often reduced by 50 or more percent. In consequence it intensity of the silting process these reservoirs require frequent desilting. Intensity of this process may by, however, restricted or reduced by proper location of...
In the paper are shown analysis’ results of bedload transport variability during fl ood fl ow event observed in the Zagożdżonka River. The bedload measurement station, which is provided with bedload trap and instruments for continuous measuring and data recording, is located upstream of Czarna gauge station on research catchment area of Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Recultivation...
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